gawaahon ki zarurat kahaan hoti hai ? | shart | taadaat

sawaal az: .....

Salam arz aagh

1 sawaal hai .....

Ke nikah aur talaak me ya aur bhi sharai maslo me jaha gawah ki zarurat hoti hai

Usme gawah (witnesses) ki kam se kam tadaat kitne honi chahiye aurat ya mard dono ko mila kar

Khususan Nikah , talaaq aur wasiyat ke masle me

Ek shakhs ne mujhse sawaal kiya , please iska jawaab dijiye taake mei'n unko aapka jawaab reply kar sakoo'n

Jawaab :

باسمه تعالى

عليكم السلام و رحمة الله و بركاته

kisi chiz ko saabit karne ke liae aek tariqa shahaadat (gawaahi) hai , tamaam chizon me gawaahon ki taadaat yaksan nahi hai baaz chizon me 2 aadil shakhs ki gawaahi zaruri hai aur baaz me 4 shakhs ki aur baaz me 1 hi shakhs ki shahaadat kaafi hai

1. daaemi aqd ho ya waqti , fiqhe shia ke motaabiq is me gawaah zaruri nahi hai

2. talaaq me 2 aadil mard gawaah ka is tarah hona zaruri hai ke talaaq ke seghon ko sunen

( surah talaaq aayat 2)

3. Wasiyat karte waqt 2 aadil shakhs gawaah moujud hon agar gawaah musalmaan na hon to 2 ghair muslim ko gawaah bana len

(maayedah 106)

Qadre tafsili jawaab :

mujtahid wa aalam ya is ke fatwon ko maalum karne ka aek tariqa 2 aadil shakhs ki gawaahi wa naql karna hai , isi tarah baaz dusre masaael ko saabit karne ke liae 2 aadil shakhs ki gawaahi kaafi hai

tamaam baaton ko yahaan bayaan karna mushkil hai lehaaza bataure aekhtesaar ye samajh len ke haq ki 2 qismen hain

haq'qullah wa haq'qun naas

1. haq'qullah me baaz jaghon par 4 aadil mard ki gawaahi zaruri hai jaiyse lewaat wa mosaahaqa (مساحقہ)  is ko tabaqzani (طبق زنی) aur chaptiladana (چپٹی لڑانا) bhi kahte hain

( lewaat ki tarah faahesha awraton ki hamjinsi wa aek khel hai jisme wo aek dusre ki sharmgaahon ke zariye ... laz'zat haasil karti hain)

ya zena , zena 4 aadil mard ya 3 aadil mard wa 2 aadil awraton ya 2 mard wa 4 awraton ki gawaahi se saabit hota hai

lekin sazaaye rajm 2 mard wa 4 awraton ki gawaahi se saabit nahi hogi isme 3 mard aur 2 awraton ki gawaahi zaruri hai

(nesa 15)

(shaw'hardaar aurat se zena (زنائے محصنہ) saabit ho jaaye to saza rajm yaani sangsaari hai aur ghair shaw'hardaar se kare to kode hain)

baaz dusre haq'qullah me sirf 2 aadil mard ki gawaahi kaafi hai jaiyse sharaab noshi aur murtad hona

2. haq'qun nas

ye 3 tarah ke hain :

1. sirf 2 aadil mard ki gawaahi se saabit hote hain jaiyse chori , talaaq , wakaalat , wasiyat , nasab , royatehelaal wa qazf (قذف) waghairah

(qazf yaani kisi par lewaat ya zena ki tohmat lagana)

jo shakhs paakdaaman auraton par bad kaari ka eilzaam lagaaye to 4 gawaahon se eilzaam saabit kare warna ise 80 kode lagaayen jaayen taake bela sobut paakdaaman aurat ki izzato aabru ke saath khelne ki jur'at na kare

( eilzaam lagaane par 2 aadil mard ki gawaahi kafi hai )

(nur 4)

kisi mard par bela sobut eilzaam lagaane ka bhi yahi hukm hai

2. 2 mardon ya 1 mard wa 2 auraton ki gawaahi se saabit hote hain ya 1 mard ki gawaahi wa qasam se saabit hote hain jaiyse qatl , farokht , sulh , waqf , aejaarah , rehan waghiyrah

ya qarz ka moaamela karen to 2 mardon ko gawaah banaaen agar 2 mard na hon to 1 mard wa 2 auraton ko gawaah banaaen

(baqarah 283)

3. ye maqaamaat wo hain jo sirf auraton ki gawaahi se bhi saabit ho jaate hain

2 ya 4 auraton ki gawaahi kaafi hai inke baare me aam taur par mard pata nahi laga paate jaiyse bakaarat , welaadat ke waqt bach'cha zinda paiyda huwa ya murda , haez , nefaas , auraton ke baateni oyub aur reza (رضاع) dusre ke bach'che ko dudh pilaana waghiyrah

Note :

1. baaz chizon ko saabit karne ke liae sirf mard ki gawaahi qabul ki jaati hai , jaiyse talaaq , lewaat wa baaz dusre jaraaem aur baaz chizon me sharaaet ke motaabiq dono ( mard wa aurat ) gawaah ban sakte hain , jaiyse zena wa ghairah aur baaz chizon me sirf auraton ki shahaadat kaafi hai , jaiyse bakaarat wa auraton ke baateni oyub wa ghairah

2. kisi chiz ko saabit karne ke liae jo bhi shaahid hai ous ke liae sharaaet bhi hain , ba aasaani har aek ki gawaahi qabul nahi ki jaati , masalan zena me chaaron gawaah is tarah zena karte dekhen jaiyse salaaei surmedaani me daakhil hoti hai

3. baaz haq haq'qullah hain , jaiyse shurb-e-khamr aur baaz haq'qun naas hain , jaiyse talaaq aur wasiyat wa ghairah , aur baaz mushtarakah hain , yaani aek lehaaz se haq'qullah hain aur dusre lehaaz se haq'qun naas bhi hain , jaiyse chori , zena aur qazf wa ghairah

( saari baaton ki tafsil ke liae motabar Aalim-e-din ya feqhi ketaabon se roju karen )

والسلام

Syed Shamshad Ali Katokhari

khadime edara-e- darul etrat Azim Aabaad / Patna - shoba-e- sawalaat  Qum / Iran

24 / شعبان / 1439 ھ.ق
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